Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract. It can cause many health issues—but with early treatment and proper therapy, most people lead healthy and active lives.
What is IBD?
IBD essentially encompasses two diseases:
1. Crohn’s Disease Can affect any section of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus. Inflammation tends to go deep into the bowel wall.
2. Ulcerative Colitis—Only affects the large intestine (colon and rectum), with inflammation in the inner lining of the colon.
Both are autoimmune diseases in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its digestive tract.
Symptoms can be different based on the severity and type of IBD, but usually involve
- Pain and cramping in the abdomen
- Diarrhea (with or without blood)
- Weight loss without reason
- Fatigue and weakness
- Feeling the need to have a bowel movement
- Fever during a flare
Causes of IBD?
The cause of IBD is not yet known, but the following are suspected factors:
- Genetics—Increased risk if there is a family history of IBD
- Immune system dysfunction—altered immune response
- Environmental triggers—diet, smoking, stress, and bacteria in the gut
- Infections—Can trigger inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals
Difference Between IBD and IBS
| Feature | IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) | IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) |
| Definition | Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract | Functional gut disorder without inflammation |
| Types | Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis | IBS with diarrhea, constipation, or mixed type |
| Cause | Unknown: gut–brain axis dysfunction, stress | Unknown; gut–brain axis dysfunction, stress |
| Inflammation Present? | Yes—ulcers, bleeding, strictures | Yes—visible on tests |
| Diarrhea with blood and mucus | Yes – ulcers, bleeding, strictures | No physical damage |
| Pain Type | Cramping, sharp, persistent | Bloating, gas, relieved after bowel movement |
| Stool Symptoms | Autoimmune: the immune system attacks the gut lining | Diarrhea or constipation, no blood |
| Weight Loss | Common due to malabsorption | Rare |
| Fever & Fatigue | Common, especially during flare-ups | Rare |
| Diagnostic Tests | Colonoscopy, biopsy, blood & stool tests, imaging | Diagnosis by symptoms; exclusion of other diseases |
| Treatment | Anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants, biologics, surgery | Diet, probiotics, antispasmodics, stress management |
| Long-term Risk | Can lead to serious complications if untreated | Generally, not dangerous but affects quality of life |
How is IBD diagnosed?
Diagnosis requires a combination of
Blood tests (to determine if there is inflammation and anemia)
Stool tests (to eliminate infection)
Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
Imaging tests (CT/MRI enterography)
Biopsy of intestinal tissue
Living with IBD?
Curing IBD needs more than medicine. Patients should:
- Keep a record of foods that trigger
- Keep hydrated
- Regular follow-up and screening
- Support groups for mental and emotional health
Role of Diagnostic Testing
Proper testing plays a crucial role in early detection of diseases and adequate monitoring. Here at Atulaya Healthcare, we have
• Fecal Calprotectin—Identifies inflammation in the gut.
• CRP & ESR—Checks for disease activity.
• Advanced imaging for disease assessment.
Early Diagnosis = Better Outcomes
If you or a loved one has persistent digestive issues, don’t ignore them. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and improve long-term health.
Visit Atulaya Healthcare for expert consultation and advanced IBD diagnostics.